Pamene dziko likulowa mumsika wogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi, tiyi, monga khofi, koko ndi zakumwa zina, zatamandidwa kwambiri ndi mayiko a Kumadzulo ndipo zakhala chakumwa chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa kwambiri za International Tea Council, mu 2017, malo obzala tiyi padziko lonse lapansi adafika mahekitala 4.89 miliyoni, tiyi adatulutsa matani 5.812 miliyoni, ndipo kumwa tiyi padziko lonse lapansi kunali matani 5.571 miliyoni.Kusagwirizana pakati pa kupanga tiyi padziko lonse lapansi ndi malonda akadali odziwika.Kukula kwa tiyi padziko lonse lapansi makamaka kumachokera ku China ndi India.China yakhala dziko lopanga tiyi lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Kuti izi zitheke, kukonza ndikuwunika momwe tiyi wapadziko lonse lapansi amapangira tiyi, ndikumvetsetsa momwe msika wa tiyi wapadziko lonse lapansi ukuyendera, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyembekezera zachitukuko ndi njira zamalonda zamakampani a tiyi ku China, zomwe zimathandizira kasamalidwe ka tiyi. kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono, ndikuwongolera mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa tiyi waku China.
★Kuchuluka kwa malonda a tiyi kudatsika
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za United Nations Food and Agriculture Statistics Database, pakadali pano pali maiko 49 omwe amalima tiyi, ndipo mayiko omwe amalima tiyi ali m’maiko 205 ndi zigawo m’makontinenti asanu.Kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2016, malonda onse a tiyi padziko lonse adawonetsa kukwera komanso kutsika.Malonda onse a tiyi padziko lonse adakwera kuchoka pa matani 2.807 miliyoni mu 2000 kufika pa matani 3.4423 miliyoni mu 2016, kuwonjezeka kwa 22.61%.Pakati pawo, katundu wochokera kunja adakwera kuchokera ku matani 1,343,200 mu 2000 kufika ku matani 1,741,300 mu 2016, kuwonjezeka kwa 29.64%;zogulitsa kunja zidakwera kuchoka pa matani 1,464,300 mchaka cha 2000 kufika pa matani 1,701,100 mchaka cha 2016, kuchuluka kwa 16.17%.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa malonda a tiyi padziko lonse lapansi kwayamba kuwonetsa kutsika.Chiwerengero chonse cha malonda a tiyi mu 2016 chinatsika ndi matani 163,000 poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi mu 2015, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi 4.52%.Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogulira kunja kudatsika ndi matani 114,500 poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi mu 2015, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 6.17%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja kudatsika ndi matani 41,100 poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi ya 2015, chaka-ku- wasintha mpaka +2.77% sabata.Kusiyana pakati pa voliyumu yotumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kukucheperachepera.
★Kugawika kwa malonda a tiyi kumayiko ena kwasintha
Ndi kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka tiyi ndi kupanga, kuchuluka kwa malonda a tiyi pakati pa makontinenti kwakula molingana.Mu 2000, tiyi wa ku Asia adagulitsa tiyi kunja kwa 66% ya tiyi padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti tiyi ikhale malo ofunikira kwambiri ogulitsa tiyi padziko lonse lapansi, kutsatiridwa ndi Africa pa 24%, Europe pa 5%, America 4%, ndi Oceania ku 1%.Pofika chaka cha 2016, tiyi wotumizidwa kunja monga gawo la tiyi padziko lonse lapansi adatsika ndi 4 peresenti kufika pa 62%.Africa, Europe ndi America zonse zidakwera pang'ono, kukwera mpaka 25%, 7%, ndi 6% motsatana.Kuchuluka kwa tiyi wa Oceania kutumizidwa kunja padziko lapansi kwakhala kocheperako, kutsika mpaka matani 0.25 miliyoni.Zitha kupezeka kuti Asia ndi Africa ndizomwe zimatumiza tiyi.
Kuchokera mu 2000 mpaka 2016, tiyi wa ku Asia ankagulitsa kunja kwa 50% ya tiyi padziko lonse lapansi.Ngakhale kuti chiwerengerochi chatsika m’zaka zaposachedwapa, akadali kontinenti yaikulu yotumiza tiyi kunja kwa dziko;Africa ndi dziko lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri lotumiza tiyi kunja.M'zaka zaposachedwa, tiyi Chiwerengero cha zogulitsa kunja chinakwera pang'ono.
Malinga ndi zomwe tiyi watulutsa kuchokera ku makontinenti onse, ku Asia koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20 kunali pafupifupi 3%.Pofika m'chaka cha 2000, adawerengera 36%.Mu 2016, idakwera kufika pa 45%, kukhala malo otengera tiyi padziko lonse lapansi;Ku Ulaya kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ku China kunkatenga 64% ya tiyi yochokera kunja, yomwe inagwa mpaka 36% mu 2000, yomwe inali yofanana ndi Asia, ndipo inatsikira ku 30% mu 2016;Zogulitsa kunja kwa Africa zidatsika pang'ono kuchokera ku 2000 mpaka 2016, kutsika kuchokera ku 17% Kufikira 14%;Kugulitsa tiyi ku America kudakhala gawo lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi sikunasinthe, akadali pafupifupi 10%.Zogulitsa kuchokera ku Oceania zidakwera kuchokera ku 2000 mpaka 2016, koma gawo lake padziko lapansi latsika pang'ono.Zitha kupezeka kuti Asia ndi Europe ndizomwe zimalowetsa tiyi padziko lonse lapansi, komanso momwe tiyi yotengera tiyi ku Europe ndi Asia ikuwonetsa "kuchepa ndi kuchuluka".Asia yaposa Europe kukhala dziko lalikulu kwambiri lolowetsa tiyi.
★Kuchulukirachulukira kwa misika ya tiyi yochokera kunja ndi kugulitsa kunja kwakhazikika
Ogulitsa tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri mchaka cha 2016 anali China, Kenya, Sri Lanka, India ndi Argentina, omwe katundu wawo adagulitsa tiyi ku 72.03% ya tiyi onse padziko lapansi.Tiyi khumi apamwamba omwe amatumiza tiyi kunja adatenga 85.20% ya tiyi onse padziko lapansi.Zitha kupezeka kuti mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ndi omwe amagulitsa tiyi.Mayiko khumi omwe akutumiza tiyi kunja onse ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi lamulo la malonda a padziko lonse, kutanthauza kuti, mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene amalamulira msika wamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali.Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Tanzania ndi mayiko ena adawona kuchepa kwa tiyi kunja.Mwa iwo, zogulitsa kunja kwa Indonesia zidatsika ndi 17.12%, Sri Lanka, India, ndi Tanzania zidatsika ndi 5.91%, 1.96%, ndi 10.24%, motsatana.
Kuchokera mu 2000 mpaka 2016, malonda a tiyi ku China adapitilira kukula, ndipo chitukuko cha malonda a tiyi kunja kwa tiyi chinali chokwera kwambiri kuposa malonda a kunja kwa nthawi yomweyi.Makamaka atalowa nawo mu WTO, mwayi wambiri wapangidwa kuti agulitse tiyi ku China.Mu 2015, China idakhala wogulitsa tiyi wamkulu kwa nthawi yoyamba.Mu 2016, tiyi wotumizidwa kunja kwa dziko langa adakwera ndi mayiko ndi zigawo 130, makamaka zogulitsa tiyi wobiriwira kunja.Misika yogulitsa kunja imapezekanso ku West, North, Africa, Asia ndi mayiko ena ndi zigawo, makamaka Morocco, Japan, Uzbekistan, United States, Russia, Hong Kong, Senegal, Ghana, Mauritani, etc.
Mayiko asanu apamwamba omwe adatumiza tiyi ku 2016 anali Pakistan, Russia, United States, United Kingdom ndi United Arab Emirates.Zomwe amagulitsa kunja zidatenga 39.38% ya tiyi onse padziko lapansi, ndipo mayiko khumi omwe amatumiza tiyi kuchokera kunja adatenga 57.48%.Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ndi omwe ali m'mayiko khumi omwe akutumiza tiyi kunja, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ndi chitukuko chokhazikika chachuma, kumwa tiyi m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.Dziko la Russia ndilomwe limagulitsa tiyi komanso kuitanitsa tiyi.95% ya okhalamo amakhala ndi chizolowezi kumwa tiyi.Ndilo lakhala likugulitsa tiyi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 2000. Pakistan yakula kwambiri pakumwa tiyi m'zaka zaposachedwa.Mu 2016, idaposa Russia kukhala tiyi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.import dziko.
Mayiko otukuka, United States, United Kingdom, ndi Germany nawonso ndi ogulitsa kwambiri tiyi.Dziko la United States ndi United Kingdom ndi amodzi mwa mayiko omwe amagulitsa tiyi komanso ogula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, akumagula tiyi kuchokera kumayiko pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.Mu 2014, United States idaposa United Kingdom kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndipo idakhala dziko lachitatu padziko lonse lapansi loitanitsa tiyi kuchokera ku Russia ndi Pakistan.Mu 2016, tiyi wotumizidwa kunja ku China adatenga 3.64% yokha ya tiyi yonse yomwe tiyi idatumizidwa padziko lapansi.Panali maiko 46 otumiza kunja (zigawo).Ogwirizana nawo akuluakulu ogulitsa kunja anali Sri Lanka, Taiwan, ndi India.Atatuwo pamodzi adatenga pafupifupi 80% ya tiyi yonse yomwe idagulitsidwa ku China.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tiyi wa ku China wochokera kunja ndi wotsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi tiyi wa kunja.Mu 2016, tiyi waku China wochokera kunja adangotenga 18.81% ya zogulitsa kunja, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti tiyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zaulimi zomwe tiyi waku China amagulitsa kunja.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-17-2021
